A week for new 40G toys…

It’s been a week for new 40G launches in the Ethernet switch world…

First out of the gate this week has been Arista, with their 7050S-64, 1U switch, with 48 dual-speed 1G/10G SFP ports and four 40G QSFP ports, 1.28Tbps of switching, 960Mpps, 9MB of packet buffer, front-to-back airflow for friendly top-of-rack deployment, etc, etc.

Next to arrive at the party is Cisco, with their Nexus 3064, 1u switch, with 48 dual-speed 1G/10G SFP ports and four 40G QSFP ports, 1.28Tbps of switching, 950Mpps, 9MB of packet buffer, front-to-back airflow for friendly top-of-rack deployment, etc, etc.

Whoa! Anyone else getting deja vu!

Continue reading “A week for new 40G toys…”

Flash the Cache

Some trends in content distribution have made me think back to my early days on the Internet, both at University, and during my time at a dialup ISP, back in the 1990s.

Bandwidth was a precious commodity, and webcaching, by deploying initially Harvest (remember Harvest?) and latterly it’s offspring Squid, became quite popular, to reduce load on external links. There was also the ability to exchange cache content with other topologically close caches – clustering your cache with those on your neighbour networks.

(I remember that at least one of the UK academic institutions – Imperial College, I think, or maybe it was Janet – had a very popular cache that it openly peered with other caches in the UK, was available via peering across LINX, and as a result was popular and well populated.)

There were attendant problems – staleness of cached content could blight some more active websites, and unless you tried enforced redirection of web traffic (unpopular in some quarters, even today, where transparent cacheing is commonplace), the ISP often had to convince your users to opt-in to using the cache through changing browser settings.

It was no surprise that once bandwidth prices fell, caches started to fall out of favour.

However, that trend has been reversing in recent times… the cache is making a comeback, but in a slightly different guise: Rather than general purpose caches that take a copy of anything passing by, these are very specific caches, targeted and optimised for the content, part of the worldwide growth of the distributed CDN.

Akamai have long been putting their servers out into ISP networks, and into major Internet Exchanges, delivering content locally to ISP subscribers. They famously say they “don’t have a backbone” – they just distribute their content through these local clusters. Akamai are delivering a local copy of “Akamaized” web content to local eyes, and continuing to experience significant growth.

Google is also in the caching game, with the “Google Content Cache” (GCC).

I heard a Google speaker at a recent conference explain how a GCC cluster installation at a broadband ISP provided an 85-90% saving in external bandwith to Google hosted content. To some extent this is clearly driven by YouTube content, but it has other smarts too.

So, what’s helped make caching popular again?

Herd Mentality – Social Networking is King. A link is posted and within minutes, it can have significant numbers of page impressions. For a network with a cache, that content only needs to be fetched once.

Bandwidth Demand – It’s not unheard of for large broadband networks to have huge (nx10G) private peerings with organisations such as Google. At some point, this is going to run into scaling difficulties, and it makes sense to distribute the content closer to the sink.

Fault Tolerance – User expectation is “it should just work”, distributed caches can help prevent localised failures from having widescale effect. (Would it have helped BBC this week?)

Response Speed – Placing the content closer to the user minimises latency, improves the user experience. For instance, GCC apparently takes this one step further, acting as a TCP proxy for more interactive Google services such as Gmail – this helps remove “spongyness” of interactive sessions for those in countries with limited or high-latency external connectivity (some African countries, for instance).

So, great, cacheing is useful and has taken it’s place in the Network Architect’s Swiss Army Knife again. But what’s the tipping point for installing something like the GCC or Akamai cluster on your network? There’s two main things at work: Bandwidth and Power.

Having a CDN cluster on your network doesn’t come for free – even if the CDN owns the hardware, you have to house it and power it and cool it. The normal hardware is a number of general purpose high spec 1U rack-mount PCs.

So the economics seem to be a case of factoring in the cost of bandwidth (whether it’s transit or peering), router interfaces, data centre cross-connects, etc., versus the cost of hosting the gear.

Down at Peckham Market… “Get your addresses here. Laaavley v4 addresses!”

One of the first big deals in the IPv4 address secondary market appears to be happening – Microsoft paying $7.5m for pre-RIR (aka “early registration”) IPv4 address space currently held by Nortel.

There have been deals happening on the secondary market already. But this one is significant for two reasons:

  • The size of the deal – over 600k IPv4 addresses
  • That Nortel’s administrators recognise these unused IPv4 addresses, that Nortel paid either nothing, or only a nominal fee, to recieve, are a real asset which they can realise capital against.

Interesting times… Now, where’s my dodgy yellow van?

Paging Air New Zealand, please report to the naughty corner.

A lot of folks who know me will know that I’ve held Air New Zealand in high regard for several years, that I really rated their inflight product and service, and would choose to fly Air NZ from Heathrow over to LA over other airlines such as BA or Virgin, as well as use them for flying to NZ itself.

I was particularly a big fan of their Pacific Premium Economy product – loads of leg room, and an inflight service which was deserving of the title “Premium” – offering Business class meals and fine NZ wines. I thought it represented very good value for money, and made the Virgin Premium Economy product, and especially the BA World Traveller Plus product look positively economy by comparison.

On a recent trip down to New Zealand (my third in as many years) in January, for the NZNOG meeting in Wellington, I was able to experience Air New Zealand’s new long-haul Premium Economy product on their much hyped new Boeing 777-300 aircraft on one of it’s first long haul flights.

Sadly, while the product was innovative, I was not impressed. I felt underwhelmed and disappointed with the experience, compared to that I would have received on the older plane. What’s worse is that it wasn’t all teething troubles. Sure, there were some teething troubles. But many were what I see as basic issues with the new product.

I found the new “SpaceSeat” anything but spacious – it felt confining, with the TV screen mere inches from your face, and at a weird angle compared to the seatback (and therefore your body), so you have to turn your neck or sit sort of twisted into a side-saddle position to try and be comfortable and watch a film at the same time.

The “seat pocket” as provided was a joke – it was made of a solid material (rather than an elasticated netting), and wasn’t even big enough to fit a book in.

The area of the aircraft I was sat in felt incredibly hot, stuffy and uncomfortable. Despite the crew setting a cooler temperature, where I was sat, it never seemed to cool down or get any sort of noticeable airflow.

I’m not normally a claustrophobic person, but I can only describe what I felt as being “freaked out” by the environment created by the cabin – from the stuffy air to the TV in your face, to the lack of space – and this was in a window seat!

I thought the personal space on the new product rather inferior to that you get on Air NZ’s 747-400 planes.

The fact is, Air NZ have, for some reason, crammed the rows of seats very tightly. I would probably be inclined to pay a little more if a row or so of seats was pulled out and spread between the other seats. Just to get that TV a bit further away from my face.

The inflight service was of a reduced quality compared to the old service, at least as far as I was concerned. It was very slow, due to the fiddly nature of the service, and because of the seat being angled away from the aisle, so tight up to the back of the seat in front, it wasn’t really possible to have any sort of interaction with the crew member serving you from the aisle, as this would involve being able to turn your head through much greater than 90 degrees.

This meant that it was much more difficult to experience the “soft side” of the service of the great Air NZ crews, as you couldn’t easily make eye-contact with them. They just became this sort of disembodied arm and hand pushing food and drinks in front of you. It also took over two (and more like three) hours to serve the main meal.

This seems to fly in the face of what Air NZ were aiming for, which was a more personal service!

It’s fair to say that on the older aircraft, Air NZ didn’t have the best PE seat in the sky, but I think they had the best Premium Economy soft product, in terms of the food and level of service. Air NZ seem to have gutted that great soft product, in order to provide what they percieve as a “better seat”.

There are other comedy errors, such as the location of the Premium Economy galley (over the wing) meant that it couldn’t have a hot water tap. If passengers ordered coffee or tea, it had to be brought from the other galleys – meaning staff walking through the cabin with jugs/flasks of hot water from the other galleys – not made easy because the aisles have been made narrower!

The changes don’t just affect the Premium Economy product, either. The quid-pro-quo of the “Economy Skycouch” product is that the Economy cabin is seated 10-across, which doesn’t sound bad, until you realise this is on a Boeing 777, which most other airlines, including Air NZ themselves on their 777-200s, only seat 9-across.

The aisles are noticeably narrower – more folk in the aisles will notice they get bumped – as are the seats themselves. A friend travelled in the back on the 777-300 and found it unbearably uncomfortable, having to sit with their shoulders “tucked in”. I can understand this on a 20-minute commute to Central London, but not on a 13 hour flight from LA to NZ.

The seat pitch (the space between the seats) in Economy has also been cranked down from 34″ on the 747-400 to 31-32″ on the 777-300. Air NZ have gone from one of the best Economy products in the sky to one of the most unbearably cramped in one fell swoop. Feels like a step backwards, and it’s not just me. There’s plenty of discussion about it on that perennial thorn-in-the-side of airlines, Flyertalk.

When the product was launched, it was accompanied by a lot of fanfare about the months of painstaking research that has gone on behind the scenes. If there has been all this research, how can the product be full of what I (as a 100K mile per year traveller) regard as such schoolboy errors.

Also interesting to observe is that there has been what I percieve to be an astroturfing campaign about how great the new products are via their social media outlets such as their Twitter account, yet nothing about the nightmares that I know for a fact they have been having with the new service. Oh, and what is it with that dreadful muppet character, Rico? How is that related to (what should be) high quality air travel?

So, not really enjoying this flight much, I contacted Air NZ to offer my feedback on the flight.

Sadly, after waiting about 6 to 8 weeks, all I got was a dreadful, bland, canned reply which basically indicated a “head in the sand” approach, that there couldn’t really be anything seriously wrong with their wonderful new product, could there, and these were all flukes which would be fixed next time I flew. Like I believed that.

They may as well have just said “You are free to take your business elsewhere”. Well, sadly, that’s what I’ve done on my next trip to California.

On 1st April, the last 747-400 operated NZ1 will leave Heathrow, and the next day London gets the “downgrade” to 777-300 service. The regulars won’t know what’s hit them.

Update – Thursday 31st March 2011

So, a few folks thought I was just having a rant here. Perhaps because it sounded a bit ranty, or I wasn’t explicit about something I wanted to get across:

What’s really disappointed me here is that an organisation which seemed to be switched on yet still be able treat it’s customers with good old-fashioned respect, and in the past seemed to have a great grasp of what people wanted, could have gone off the rails quite so spectacularly with a string of apparently shallow and unpopular moves.

This weeks oxymoron: Ethernet will never dominate in…

…Broadcast TV and Storage. Apparently.

I’ve just read a blog post by Shehzad Merchant of Extreme Networks, about a panel he recently participated in, where one of the other panelists asserted the above was true.

Fascinating that a conference in 2011 is talking about Ethernet not becoming dominant in broadcast TV.

There are several broadcast organisations who are already using large scale 10 Gig Ethernet platforms in places such as their archiving systems and in their playout platforms, and I’m not talking niche broadcasters, but big boys like ESPN. Not sure if any of them are using Extreme’s Purple boxes though.

This unnamed panelist would be better off moving into time-travel, as it seems are already able to come here from the past and make these assertions.

I do wonder if it’s actually the stick-in-the-mud storage industry which will be slower to move than the broadcasters!